501 - Student Attendance
501 - Student Attendance dawn.gibson.cm… Sun, 07/11/2021 - 15:05501.1 - Resident Students
501.1 - Resident StudentsChildren who are residents of the school district community will attend the school district without paying tuition.
The residence of a student means the place, abode, or dwelling of the student. Generally, the legal dwelling of minors is the same as their parents. However, a student may establish a dwelling with someone other than the parents and attend public school in the school district without paying tuition if the primary purpose for residing in the school district is not for the purpose of obtaining a free public education. Further, students who have reached the age of majority and who are still eligible to attend an Iowa secondary school may declare their residence independent of the residence of the parents.
Each case involving the bona fide residence of a student will be decided upon its individual merits by the superintendent.
Legal Reference: Lakota Cons. Ind. School v. Buffalo Center-Rake Comm. School, 334 N.W.2d 704 (Iowa 1983).
Mt. Hope School Dist. v. Hendrickson, 197 N.W. 47 (Iowa 1924).
Oshel v. Creston Comm. School Dist., DPI Admin. Doc. 570 (1981).
33 D.P.I. Dec. Rule 80 (1984).
Iowa Code §§ 257.6; 282.2, .6, .7; 285.4
Cross Reference: 100 Legal Status of the School District
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
Revised: 03/11/2024
501.2 - Nonresident Students
501.2 - Nonresident StudentsNONRESIDENT STUDENTS
Code No. 501.2
Students who are eligible to attend an Iowa public school but who are not legal residents of the school district may be admitted into the school district at the discretion of the superintendent upon application and payment of tuition. The tuition rate is the current per-pupil cost of the school district as computed by the board secretary and as authorized by the Iowa Department of Education.
Resident students whose families move from the school district after the start of a semester and who wish to complete the semester in their former resident school district will be permitted to attend. Students who plan to open enroll to their former resident district for the next school year may do so without approval of the board.
Students in grades eleven or twelve who are no longer residents of the school district, but were residents in the preceding school year, may continue to attend school until they graduate without the payment of tuition. These students must have an adult, who resides in the school district, identified for purposes of administration.
Nonresident students who are eligible to attend an Iowa public school and who have evidence they will become legal residents of the school district prior to the third Friday in September may be allowed to attend without the payment of tuition.
Legal Reference: Lakota Cons. Ind. School v. Buffalo Center-Rake Comm. School,
334 N.W.2d 704 (Iowa 1983).
Mt. Hope School Dist. v. Hendrickson, 197 N.W. 47 (Iowa 1924).
Oshel v. Creston Comm. School Dist., DPI Admin. Doc. 570 (1981).
Iowa Code §§ 257.6; 282.1, .2, .6, .7, .24.
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
Revised: 03/11/2024
501.3 - Compulsory Attendance
501.3 - Compulsory Attendance
Code No. 501.3
COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE
Parents within the school district who have children over age six and under age sixteen by September 15, in proper physical and mental condition to attend school, will have the children attend the school district at the attendance center designated by the board. Students will attend school the number of days or hours school is in session in accordance with the school calendar. Students of compulsory attendance age will attend school a minimum of 180 days or 1080 hours. Students not attending the minimum days or hours must be exempted by this policy as listed below or, for students in grades 7-12, referred to the county attorney or, for students in grades K-6, referred to the Attendance Cooperation process. Exceptions to this policy include children who:
- are excused for sufficient reason by any court of record or judge;
- are attending religious services or receiving religious instruction;
- are unable to attend school due to legitimate medical reasons;
- has an individualized education program that affects the child’s attendance;
- has a plan under Section 504 of the federal Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. §794, that affects the child’s attendance;
- are attending an approved or probationally approved private college preparatory school;
- are attending an accredited nonpublic school;
- are receiving independent private instruction; or,
- are receiving competent private instruction.
It is the responsibility of the parent of a child to provide evidence of the child's mental and physical inability to attend school or of the child's qualifications for one of the exceptions listed above.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code §§ 259A; 279; 299; 299A
Cross Reference: 601.1 School Calendar
604.1 Private Instruction
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Revised: 08/12/2024
Reviewed: 08/12/2024
501.4 - Entrance - Admissions
501.4 - Entrance - AdmissionsChildren in the school district community will be allowed to enroll in the school district’s regular education program beginning at age four. The child must be age four on or prior to September 15 to participate in the school district’s pre-school program. The child must be age five on or prior to September 15 to participate in the school district’s kindergarten program. The child must be age six prior to September 15 to begin the first grade of the education program.
Before the student may enroll in the district’s education program, the board shall require evidence of age and residency in the form of a birth certificate or other evidence of age. It is within the discretion of the superintendent to determine what is satisfactory evidence for proof of age.
Prior to enrollment, the child must provide the administration with their health and immunization certificate. Failure to provide this information within the time period set by the superintendent shall be reason for suspension, expulsion or denying admission to the student.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code §§ 139A.8: 144.45(5); 282.1, .3, .6.9; 282.1, .3, .6
Cross Reference: 501 Student Attendance
507.1 Student Health and Immunization Certificates
Adopted: 04/20/1998
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
Revised: 03/11/2024
501.5 - Student Transfers in from Non-Accredited Settings
501.5 - Student Transfers in from Non-Accredited SettingsStudents who transfer into the Edgewood-Colesburg Community School District must meet the immunization and age requirements for students who initially enroll in the school district.
The district retains the right to determine grade level placement and whether or not to accept credits towards graduation that the transfer student earned in a non-accredited setting.
The Superintendent or designee may require testing, a review of a student’s portfolio, or use of other reasonable means to make grade placement and credit decisions, including both subjective and objective academic evaluations. In the event credit is awarded, neither numerical nor letter grades received in the non-accredited setting will be recorded on the student’s permanent record.
A student who transfers in from a non-accredited setting will only be eligible for honors and awards for the actual period of time he or she has been enrolled as a regular student in the Edgewood-Colesburg School District.
Students transferring into the high school from a non-accredited setting will not be eligible for class ranking until they have been fully enrolled for six (6) or more semesters. Students must meet the graduation requirements of the school district in order to be eligible for a diploma. All students must meet graduation requirements to participate in the graduation ceremony.
Credits and grades earned through dual enrollment or home school assistance program under Iowa Code 299A will be accepted towards graduation, class rank, honors and awards, provided all other criteria are met.
The superintendent or designee shall notify the parents or guardians of known district students who are being educated in a non-accredited setting of the existence and substance of this policy prior to what would typically be the students’ ninth grade year.
Adopted: 08/15/2005
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
501.6 - Student Transfers In
501.6 - Student Transfers InStudents who transfer into the school district must meet the immunization and age requirements set out for students who initially enroll in the school district.
The school district will request the student's cumulative records from the previous school district. If the student cannot offer proof of grade level, the superintendent will make the grade level determination. The superintendent may require testing or other information to determine the grade level. Students expelled or suspended from their previous school district will only be enrolled after approval of the board.
The superintendent will determine the amount of credits to be transferred. If the student has not previously attended an accredited school, it is within the superintendent's discretion to accept or reject credits or grades.
The board may deny admission if the student is not willing to provide the board with the necessary information.
Legal Reference: 20 U.S.C. § 1232g.
Iowa Code §§ 139A.8; 282.1, .3, .4; 299A.
Cross Reference: 501.15 Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Receiving District
505.03 Student Honors and Awards
604.01 Private Instruction
604.10 Online Courses
604.11 Appropriate Use of Online Learning Platforms
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
Revised: 03/11/2024
501.7 - Student Transfers Out or Withdrawals
501.7 - Student Transfers Out or WithdrawalsIf the student's parents wish to withdraw or transfer the student from school prior to completing and graduating from the education program, they will notify the superintendent/principal in writing as soon as possible of the decision to withdraw or transfer the student from the education program. The student or parent should present this written notice at the office and receive instructions regarding the return of textbooks, library books, locker equipment, hot lunch tickets, etc.
The notice will state the student's final day of attendance. If the student is not enrolling in another school district, the school district will maintain the student's records in the same manner as the records of students who have graduated from the school district.
If the parents wish to have the student's cumulative record sent to the new school district, the parents will notify the superintendent/principal in writing. This notice will include the name of the school district and the person at the new school district to whom the student's cumulative records should be sent. If the new school district requests the student's cumulative records, the school district will forward the cumulative records and notify the parents the records have been sent. The notice will inform the parents of their right to review the records sent.
If the student is of compulsory education age and not transferring to another public school district or an accredited nonpublic school, the parents will notify the superintendent that the student is receiving competent private instruction and file the necessary competent private instruction reports.
Legal Reference: 20 U.S.C. § 1232g.
Iowa Code §§ 274.1; 299.1-.1A
Cross Reference:
501.15 Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Receiving District
604.01 Private Instruction
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
Revised: 03/11/2024
501.8 - Student Attendance Records
501.8 - Student Attendance RecordsAs part of the school district's records, the daily attendance of each student is recorded and maintained on file with the permanent records of the board secretary.
It is the responsibility of the principals to ensure that such reports are filed with the board secretary, the custodian of school records.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code §§ 294.4; 299.
281 I.A.C. 12.3(4).
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
501.9 - Student Absences - Excused
501.9 - Student Absences - ExcusedCode No. 501.9
Chronic Absenteeism and Truancy
Chronic absenteeism/absences means any absence from school for more than ten percent of
the days each semester listed in the current school calendar established by the district.
Truant/truancy means a child of compulsory attendance age who is absent from school for any
reason for at least twenty percent of the days in each semester listed in the current school
calendar established by the district.
● have completed the requirements for graduation in an accredited school or has obtained a high
school equivalency diploma;
● are excused for sufficient reason by any court of record or judge;
● are attending religious services or receiving religious instruction;
● are attending a private college preparatory school accredited or probationally accredited;
● are excused under Iowa Code §299.22 (deaf, hard of hearing, blind children); or
● are exempt under Iowa Code §299.24 (religious groups).
Students are subject to disciplinary action for truancy including suspension and expulsion.
It is within the discretion of the principal to determine, in light of the circumstances, whether a
student may make up work missed because of truancy. Students receiving special education
services will not be assigned any specific consequences unless the goals and objectives of the
student's Individualized Education Program are capable of being met.
It is the responsibility of the superintendent, in conjunction with the designated school officials,
to develop administrative regulations regarding this policy. The administrative regulations will
indicate the disciplinary action to be taken for truancy.
LegalReference:
34 C.F.R. sec. 300
28 C.F.R. Pt. 35
Iowa Code §§ 294.4; 299.
281 I.A.C. 12.3(4).
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 08/12/2024
Revised: 08/12/2024
501.9R1-Chronic Absenteeism & Truancy Regulation
501.9R1-Chronic Absenteeism & Truancy RegulationCode No. 501.9R1
Chronic Absenteeism and Truancy Regulation
Daily, punctual attendance is an integral part of the learning experience. The education that goes on in the classroom builds from day to day and absences can cause disruption in the educational progress of the absent student. Irregular attendance or tardiness by students not only limits their own studies, but also interferes with the progress of those students who are regular and prompt in attendance. Attendance is a shared responsibility that requires cooperation and communication among students, parents and the school.
This regulation is divided into two sections: Section I addresses legal requirements related to chronic absenteeism and truancy and Section II addresses additional academic, disciplinary and extracurricular consequences students face due to chronic absenteeism and truancy. It is important for students to recognize that chronic absenteeism and truancy impacts all these facets of their educational experience.
SECTION I – Legal Requirements
Chronic Absenteeism
When a student meets the threshold to be considered chronically absent (ten percent), the school official will send notice by mail or e-mail to the county attorney where the district’s central office is located. The school official will also notify the student, or if a minor, the student’s parent, guardian or legal or actual custodian via email or letter mailed home. If a response is not received within 48 hours then the school will send a certified letter that includes information related to the student’s absences from school and the policies and disciplinary processes associated with additional absences.
School Engagement Meeting
If a student is absent from school for at least fifteen percent of the days in the grading period, the school official will attempt to find the cause of the absences and start and participate in a school engagement meeting. All of the following individuals must participate in the school engagement meeting:
- The student;
- The student’s parent, guardian or legal or actual custodian if the student is an unemancipated minor; and
- A school official.
The purpose of the meeting is to understand the reasons for the student’s absences and attempt to remove barriers to the student’s ongoing absences; and to create and sign an absenteeism prevention plan.
Absenteeism Prevention Plan
The absenteeism prevention plan will identify the causes of the student’s absences and the future responsibilities of each participant. The school official will contact the student and student’s parent/guardian at least once per week for the remainder of the school year to monitor the performance of the student and the student’s parent/guardian under the plan. Situations when the county attorney will be notified:
- If the student and student’s parent/guardian do not attend the meeting,
- If the student and student’s parent/guardian do not enter into a plan or violate the terms of the plan,
- When the student’s absences reach twenty percent of the days in a semester.
SECTION II – Academic and Disciplinary Requirements
Students are required to be in attendance, pursuant to board policy, for 1080 hours per school year unless their absences have been excused. Parents are expected to telephone the school office to report a student's absence prior to 8:15 a.m. on the day of the absence. Students who are absent without a reasonable excuse, may have the following consequences imposed: supervised study hall, after school or lunch detention, loss of school computer, or other appropriate sanctions up to the loss of class credit.
Reasonable excuses include:
- Illness (a note will be required for 3 or more consecutive days of absence), Excessive illnesses throughout the year may be deemed unexcused without proper documentation.
- family emergencies (determined by school official),
- recognized religious observances, and
- school-sponsored or approved activities.
- Reasonable excuses may also include family trips or vacations approved by the building principal if the student's work is finished prior to the trip or vacation.
School work missed because of absences must be made up within two times the number of days absent, not to exceed 5 school days. The time allowed for make-up work may be extended at the discretion of the classroom teacher and will follow the district's homework and assessment policy.
I.C. Iowa Code |
Description |
Iowa Code § 294.4 |
|
Iowa Code § 299 |
|
I.A.C. Iowa Administrative Code |
Description |
281 I.A.C. 12.3 |
|
C.F.R. - Code of Federal Regulations |
Description |
28 C.F.R. 35 |
|
34 C.F.R. Pt. 300 |
Adopted: 08/12/2024
Reviewed:
Revised:
501.11 - Student Release During School Hours
501.11 - Student Release During School HoursCode No. 501.11
STUDENT RELEASE DURING SCHOOL HOURS
Students will be allowed to leave the school district facilities during school hours only with prior authorization to the school from their parents, unless the parent appears personally at the student's attendance center to arrange for the release of the student during school hours, or with the permission of the principal.
Approved reasons for release of a student during the school day will include, but not be limited to, illness, family emergencies, medical appointments, religious instruction, classes outside the student's attendance center, employment for which the student has been issued a work permit and other reasons determined appropriate by the principal.
It is the responsibility of the superintendent, in conjunction with the principal, to develop administrative regulations regarding this policy.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code § 294.4 (2003).
281 I.A.C. 12.3(4).
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
501.12 - Pregnant Students
501.12 - Pregnant StudentsCode No. 501.12
PREGNANT STUDENTS
The board encourages pregnant students to continue to attend the education program as long as they are physically able to do so. The pregnant student is encouraged to notify the principal or the guidance counselor as soon as they are aware of the pregnancy in order for the district to facilitate the student’s equal access to the district’s education programs and activities. The school may require that a pregnant student provide the principal with a written note from their doctor relative to special conditions that might exist and specific suggestions as to how long the student may continue to attend classes. If the student is unable to attend school because of their pregnancy, the student may be excused and arrangements made to continue their studies during her absence. The student will resume classes upon the recommendation of her physician.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code §§ 216; 279.8; 280.3.
34 C.F.R. § 106.40
Cross Reference: 106 Discrimination & Harassment Based on Sex Prohibited
-
- Individualized Instruction
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 08/12/2024
Reviewed: 08/12/2024
501.13 - Students of Legal Age
501.13 - Students of Legal AgeStudents who have attained legal age may continue the education program without payment of tuition as long as they are eligible to attend an Iowa public school and are residents of the school district.
Parents will be allowed to access and view the student's records without written permission from the student if the student is still a dependent for tax purposes. In most cases, with the discretion of the principal or the superintendent, the student will be able to make decisions and sign documents rather than requiring parental permission or signature.
Legal Reference: 20 U.S.C. § 1232g (1994).
Iowa Code §§ 22; 282.2, .6, .7; 285.4; 599.1; 622.10 (2013).
281 I.A.C. 12.3(6).3.
Adopted: 07/21/2003
Reviewed: 03/11/2024
501.14 - Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Sending District
501.14 - Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Sending DistrictCode No. 501.14
OPEN ENROLLMENT TRANSFERS - PROCEDURES AS A SENDING DISTRICT
The school district will participate in open enrollment as a sending district. As a sending district, the board will allow resident students who meet the requirements to open enroll to another public school district.
Parents requesting open enrollment out of the school district for their student will notify the sending and receiving school district no later than March 1 in the school year preceding the first year desired for open enrollment. The notice is made on forms provided by the Iowa Department of Education. The forms are available at the central administration office.
Parents of children who will begin kindergarten in the school district are exempt from the open enrollment March 1 deadline. Parents of children who will begin kindergarten and prekindergarten children enrolled in special education programs and included in the district’s basic enrollment will file in the same manner set forth above by September 1. Parents who have good cause as defined by law for failing to meet the March 1 deadline may make an open enrollment request by September1 unless another deadline applies.
The receiving district will approve or deny open enrollment requests according to the timelines established by law. The parents may withdraw the open enrollment request prior to the start of the school year. The receiving district’s superintendent will notify the parents and sending school district by mail within five days of the school district’s action to approve or deny the open enrollment request.
Subject to applicable laws, the board may approve a student's request to allow the receiving district to enter the school district for the purposes of transportation.
An open enrollment request out of the school district from parents of a special education student is reviewed on a case-by-case basis. The determining factor for approval of such an open enrollment request will be whether the special education program available in the receiving school district is appropriate for the student's needs. The area education agency director of special education serving the receiving district will determine whether the program is appropriate. The special education student will remain in the school district until the final determination is made.
It is the responsibility of the superintendent to maintain open enrollment request applications and notice forms. It will also be the responsibility of the superintendent to develop appropriate office procedures and administrative regulations necessary for open enrollment requests.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code §§ 139A.8; 274.1; 279.11; 282.1, .3, .8, .18; 299.1.
281 I.A.C. 17.
Cross Reference: 501.15 Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Receiving District
Adopted: 04/20/1998
Revised: 08/12/2024
Reviewed: 08/12/2024
501.15 - Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Receiving District
501.15 - Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Receiving DistrictOPEN ENROLLMENT TRANSFERS - PROCEDURES AS A RECEIVING DISTRICT
Code No. 501.15
The school district will participate in open enrollment as a receiving district. As a receiving district, the board will allow nonresident students, who meet the legal requirements, to open enroll into the school district. The board will have complete discretion to determine the attendance center of the students attending the school district under open enrollment.
The superintendent will approve all timely filed applications by June 1; incoming kindergarten applications; good cause applications; or continuation of an educational program application filed by September 1.
The superintendent will notify the sending school district and parents within five days of the school district’s action to approve or deny the open enrollment request.
Open enrollment requests into the school district will not be approved if insufficient classroom space exists. Open enrollment requests into the school district will also not be approved for students who have been suspended or expelled by the administration or the board of the school district the student is or was attending until the student has been reinstated into the school district from which the student was suspended or expelled. Once the student is reinstated, the student's open enrollment request will be considered in the same manner as other open enrollment requests provided the required timelines are met. The district reserves the right to deny continued open enrollment to any students who meets the definition of truant. The district will notify the truant student’s parent or guardian and district of residence of the decision to deny enrollment in the future in accordance with applicable laws.
Open enrollment requests into the school district that, if denied, would result in students from the same nuclear family being enrolled in different school districts, will be given highest priority. The board, in its discretion, may waive the insufficient classroom space reason for denial for students of the same nuclear family to prevent the division of a nuclear family between two school districts. Other open enrollment requests into the school district are considered in the order received by the school district with the first open enrollment request given a higher priority than the second open enrollment request and so forth.
Students in grades nine through twelve open enrolling into the school district will be eligible for participation in interscholastic athletics, at the varsity level, in accordance with applicable law.
Parents of students whose open enrollment requests are approved by the (board or superintendent) are responsible for providing transportation to and from the receiving school district without reimbursement
An open enrollment request into the school district from parents of a special education student is reviewed on a case-by-case basis. The determining factors for approval of such an open enrollment request will be whether the special education program available in the school district is appropriate for the student's needs and whether the enrollment of the special education student will cause the class size to exceed the maximum allowed. The area education agency director of special education serving the school district will determine whether the program is appropriate. The special education student will remain in the sending district until the final determination is made. For children requiring special education, the receiving district will complete and provide to the resident district the documentation needed to seek Medicaid reimbursement for eligible services.
The policies of the school district will apply to students attending the school district under open enrollment.
It is the responsibility of the superintendent to develop appropriate office procedures and administrative regulations necessary for open enrollment requests.
Legal Reference: Iowa Code §§ 139A8; 274.1; 279.11; 282.1, .3, .8, .18; 299.1.
281 I.A.C. 17.
Cross Reference: 501.6 Student Transfers In
501.7 Student Transfers Out or Withdrawals
501.14 Open Enrollment Transfers - Procedures as a Sending District
606.6 Insufficient Classroom Space
Adopted: 04/20/1998
Revised: 08/12/2024
Reviewed: 08/12/2024
501.16 - Homeless Children and Youth
501.16 - Homeless Children and YouthCode No. 501.16
HOMELESS CHILDREN AND YOUTH
The Edgewood Colesburg Community School District believes all students should have access to a free, appropriate public education. The district will ensure that homeless children and youth have equal access to the same free, appropriate public education as other children and youth.
The term “homeless children and youth” means individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. The term includes:
- Children and youth who are:
- Sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason (sometimes referred to as “doubled up”);
- Living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, or camping grounds due to lack of alternative adequate accommodations;
- Living in emergency or transitional shelters; or
- Abandoned in hospitals.
- Children and youth who have a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings;
- Children and youth who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings; and
- Migratory children who qualify as homeless because they are living in circumstances described above.
To help ensure that homeless children and youth have a full opportunity to enroll, attend, and succeed at school, the board shall:
- Designate the School Counselor as the local homeless children and youth liaison;
- Provide training opportunities for staff so staff may help identify and meet the needs of homeless children and youth;
- Remove barriers, including those associated with fees, fines, and absences, to the identification, enrollment, retention, attendance and/or success in school for homeless children and youth;
- Ensure collaboration and coordination with other service providers;
- Ensure transportation is provided in accordance with legal requirements;
- Provide school stability in school assignment according to the child’s best interests;
- Ensure the privacy of student records, as provided by applicable law, including information about a homeless child or youth’s living situation;
- Engage in the dispute resolution process for decisions relating to the educational placement of homeless children and youth as provided by applicable law; and
- Prohibit the segregation of a homeless child or youth from other students enrolled in the district.
The superintendent may develop an administrative process or procedures to implement this policy.
Legal Reference: 20 U.S.C. § 6301.
42 U.S.C. § 11302.
42 U.S.C. §§ 11431 et seq.
281 I.A.C. 33.
Cross Reference:
-
- Fines-Fees-Charges
507.1 Student Health and Immunization Certificates
503.03-R(1) Fines - Fees - Charges - Student Fee Waiver and Reduction Procedures
503.03-E(1) Fines - Fees - Charges - Standard Fee Waiver Application
603.3 Special Education
711.1 Student School Transportation Eligibility
Adopted: 04/20/1998
Reviewed 03/11/2024
Revised: 03/11/2024